Chronologically, this is in continuation to the Course BHIC-131: History of India from the Earliest Times up to c. 300 CE. It gives a historical overview of major polities that emerged and made their mark during this period both in the northern and southern India: the Guptas, the Pushyabhutis followed by the Pallavas, the Pandyas, the Kalachuris, the Kadambas, the Chalukyas, the Cholas, the Hoysalas, the Rajputs, the Rashtrakutas, the Arabs, and the invasions of Mahmud Ghazni and Mohammad Ghouri. It also encapsulates economic, social and cultural history that this period exhibits, demonstrates and reflects. This applies to land holdings, revenue systems, agrarian relations, social structure, gender relations, growth and development of art, language and literature, coming up of religion and the ensuing religious trends etc. Hence, it offers an in-depth insight into the significant transition from the early historic to the early medieval period of Indian history. We need to understand and study this shift as students of Indian history. This Course covers 16 Units arranged and ordered both thematically and sequentially.

The discipline of history is a changed filed today. The historians have gone beyond studying and writing about kings, their kingdoms and personal achivements. They are moving towards new areas of enquiry and inveestigation and raising questions pertaining to various aspects and dimensions of society like how did it evolve and what changes took place ? A large amount of new data has come to light in the past three decades, leading to fresh interpretations snd prespectives in many cases. An attempet has been made in the present Course BHIC 131 : History of India from the Earliest Times up to c. 300ce to incorporate such aspects whil retaining the earlier arguments wherever valid . tThe chronological span of this Course closes before the Gupta period.

यह दो खंड और 12 इकाइयों हैं, इसमें कबीर, सूरदास, मीराबाई, बिहारी, घनानंद और भूषण के काव्यों का अध्ययन है.

• Prof. Jitendra Kumar Srivastava

BHDC-133 आधुनिक हिंदी कविता: बी.ए. हिंदी (सामान्य) सीबीसीएस के विद्यार्थियों के लिए 'आधुनिक हिंदी कविता' का यह अनिवार्य पाठ्यक्रम है। इस पाठ्यक्रम का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों को आधुनिक हिंदी कविता के स्वरूप से परिचित कराना है। आधुनिकता का आगमन हिंदी साहित्य में एक विशिष्ट परिघटना है। आधुनिकता के आगमन के साथ ही कविता के स्वरूप में भी आमूलचूल परिवर्तन होता है। यह परिवर्तन भाव और भाषा के स्तर पर ही नहीं अपितु कविता की संरचना और युगबोध के स्तर पर भी सामने आता है। परंपरागत काव्य भाषाओं व्रज-अवधी आदि की जगह खड़ी बोली कविता की भाषा बनती है। प्रस्तुत पाठ्यक्रम में विद्यार्थी भारतेंदु युगीन कविता से लेकर छायावाद तक के महत्वपूर्ण कवियों और उनकी महत्वपूर्ण कविताओं से परिचित होंगे। पाठ्यक्रम में अध्ययन हेतु निर्धारित कविताओं की सप्रसंग व्याख्या भी खंड 3 में दी गई है, जिसके माध्यम से विद्यार्थी कविताओं को गंभीरता पूर्वक पढ़-समझ सकेंगे। इस पाठ्यक्रम में तीन खंड और 17 इकाइयां हैं। यह 6 क्रेडिट का पाठ्यक्रम है। पाठ्यक्रम की संरचना इस प्रकार निर्मित की गई है कि विद्यार्थी संबंधित पाठ्यचर्या के अध्ययन के साथ ही आधुनिक हिंदी कविता के विकास क्रम को भी भली-भांति समझने में सक्षम हो सकेंगे।

यह पाठ्यक्रम 6 क्रेडिट का है। इस पाठ्यक्रम में हिंदी गद्य की विधाओं- उपन्यास, कहानी तथा निबंध का अध्ययन कराया जाएगा इस पाठ्यक्रम का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों को हिंदी गद्य की विविध विधाओं में से उपयु र्क्त तीन विधाओं का अध्ययन कराना है। इसके साथ ही पाठ्यक्रम में हिंदी गद्य साहित्य और उसके विकास का परिचय दिया जाएगा।

• Dr. Shakhir Ali Siddiqui

This course is an important component of the undergraduate curriculum, offering a comprehensive and scholarly study of the major prose and poetic genres of Urdu literature. Through it, learners not only gain familiarity with the rich prose and poetic traditions of Urdu but also develop a deeper understanding of their intellectual, artistic, and cultural dimensions. The course provides students with insightful knowledge of the historical evolution, intellectual trends, and literary diversity that define the grandeur and depth of Urdu literature.

• Dr. Shakhir Ali Siddiqui

This undergraduate-level course offers an in-depth study of classical Urdu ghazal. Through this course, learners are introduced to the art of the ghazal—its origin, development, intellectual aspects, artistic features, and linguistic beauty. It includes the study of selected ghazals by eminent classical poets such as Wali, Siraj, Mir, and Dard, who endowed Urdu ghazal with intellectual depth, artistic refinement, and emotional subtlety.
The course helps students understand the structure, themes, style, and symbolic dimensions of the ghazal, while also acquainting them with its literary, cultural, and intellectual significance. Through this study, learners gain a profound understanding of the classical tradition of Urdu literature and develop a deeper appreciation of the aesthetic and intellectual continuity of the Urdu ghazal.

• Dr. Ahmad Ali Jauher

The course “Urdu Nazm Ka Mutala” offers a critical study of Urdu Nazm, focusing on its thematic evolution and socio-political background. It examines the lives, literary contributions, and poetic styles of major poets such as Muhammad Husain Azad, Altaf Hussain Hali, Chakbast, Ismail Merathi, and Josh Malihabadi. Through their works, the course traces the development and transformation of Urdu Nazm from its early reformist expressions to its mature modern form.

• Dr. Vibhuti Gaur

Individual and Society examines the relationship between personal identity and social structures through literature. It explores how writers portray social norms, conflicts, and the individual’s role within society.

The course explains the issues and challenges in urban planning and development. It establishes the importance of sustainable urban development and development of green urban spaces.

यह पाठ्यक्रम संस्कृत भाषा की व्याकरणिक संरचना, शब्दरचना, रूपविज्ञान और वाक्यविन्यास के मूल सिद्धांतों का अध्ययन कराता है। इसमें संधि, समास, कारक, धातु, प्रत्यय आदि के नियमों का व्यवस्थित परिचय दिया गया है। इसका उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों को संस्कृत भाषा के शुद्ध, सुबोध और व्याकरणसम्मत प्रयोग में दक्ष बनाना है।

This is the first mathematics course you will be studying in the Bachelor’s Degree Programme. The aim of this course is to develop an understanding of basic mathematical concepts and techniques that you will require for studying other mathematics courses of the programme, as well as any further study and work you undertake in mathematics. Calculus is divided into two broad areas, differential calculus and integral calculus. Broadly speaking, differential calculus is the study of change and integral calculus is about adding up the parts. Differential calculus helps you to find, for example, the effect of changing conditions on a system being investigated, and hence to gain control over the system. The process of this mathematical investigation uses the powerful technique of modelling the phenomena concerned. The models usually involve differential equations. Differential calculus is useful in formulating models and integral calculus is used to solve the differential equations associated with the model. Apart from well known applications in physics, mathematical models based on calculus are used for the study of population ecology, cybernetics, management practices, economics and medicine.

In this course on differential equations, we shall be dealing with both ordinary as well as partial differential equations. For a better understanding of the concepts in the course a good knowledge of calculus is essential. The knowledge of our calculus course BMTC-131 will more or less fulfill your this requirement. Since BMTC-131only deals with a function of one variable, to fill up the gaps, we have added contents on functions of two and more variables in this course. Accordingly, we have divided the material in this course into four blocks.

Real Analysis is the branch of mathematics that studies the structure of real numbers and the behavior of functions defined on the set of real numbers. You already have some idea of the structure of the set of real numbers, and of functions defined on it, from the 1st semester course, Calculus. In that course you were introduced to many concepts such as limit, continuity, differentiability and integrability for real-valued functions, though more from an algorithmic and computational aspect. However, when you apply the algorithms, it is important to know the logic behind them. The study of analysis provides the reasons behind these computation rules. The study will also help you to develop “analytical thinking” and the ability to apply mathematics more precisely and confidently.

Algebra is a word that you are familiar with. You may also know that it is derived from the Arabic word ‘Al-jabr’. Classically, algebra was concerned with obtaining solutions of equations. Then came ‘modern algebra’, a term used to describe detailed investigations within classical algebra. In Block 1 of the course, Calculus, you have studied some of the concepts of modern algebra – sets and operations on them, functions, a binary operation on a set, an algebraic way of studying plane geometry, properties of complex numbers, what a polynomial over R is, and solutions of some polynomial equations. In this course, we shall build on this learning, and take you much further. In this course, we will focus on ‘abstract algebra’, a generalisation of modern algebra. In abstract algebra we study algebraic systems that are defined by axioms alone. These axioms normally evolve from concrete situations. In this course, comprising four blocks, you will study three basic algebraic systems, namely, groups, rings and fields.