Earth is the only known planet in the solar system that supports life. Despite the vastness of the earth, life exists only in a very thin layer enveloping the earth called biosphere. Sun is the only source of energy which enables continuous interaction among various life forms. For a long period of time, there has been a symbiotic relationship between human being and nature. Due to excessive human interference and unsustainable practices, millions of people’s life and livelihoods and other living organisms on the earth are at risk. These environmental issues have now become common problems and shared responsibility of each individual on the earth to act judiciously to reverse these negative impacts. Therefore, there has been a growing need to create awareness amongst all the stakeholders. Keeping this in view, Environmental Study is being introduced as a compulsory course for all the learners at under-Graduate level.

This course has been designed for students across different disciplines in order to develop their English skills required at the workplace. We have primarily concentrated on first time job seekers since most of you will be searching for your first job. The course is divided into four blocks and deals with exploring the job market, preparing for job interviews, understanding cross-cultural interaction in business contexts and learning about customers and customer service. It also gives you practice in participating in discussions, making presentations, writing business letters and emails. Business ethics is an important part of this course.

This is the first course in Computer Science for the BCA students; therefore, it deals with the basic concepts of computers. It discusses about the computer hardware, its components and basic computer architecture. The course also deals with the basic computer software including the operating system and its concepts. This course also highlights some of the open source software technologies. Finally, the course highlights the applications of computers that include web applications, social networking and wiki.

The main objectives of PC Software Lab course are to familiarize with basic operations of: i) Operating systems such as Windows and Linux. ii) Word Processor such as Open Office and MSWord. iii) Workbook, worksheet, graphics and Spreadsheets. iv) PowerPoint including animation and sounds. v) Address book, Spam and Filtering in E-mail. vi) Browsing, Search, Discussion forum and Wiki’s

The primary objective of this course is to introduce students some of the mathematics through which they can develop some mathematical maturity, that is enhance their ability to understand and create mathematical arguments. The secondary objective of this course is to prepare students for mathematical oriented courses in computer science such as discrete mathematics, database theory, analysis of algorithms etc.

The main objective of the course is to develop  composition and study skills in English. The different kinds of composition included in this course are:

• paragraph writing
• expository composition
• argumentative composition
• narrative composition
• descriptive composition
• notes
• reports
• summaries  

This course explains the basic component of computer systems. This course includes details on data representation, interconnection structures, memory system, input-output system, and the Central Processing Unit. It also provides a detailed view of digital logic circuits, microprocessors and assembly language Programming and some of the important peripheral devices. Some of the advanced computer organizations are also part of this course. The first block of the course explains Data Representation, Instruction Execution, Interrupts, Buses, Boolean algebra, Design of Logic Circuits, etc. The second block deals with the Memory System, The Memory Hierarchy, Secondary Storage technologies, the concepts of high speed memory, Cache Organistation , Input Output interfaces, Input Output techniques, DMA, Input Output processors, External Communication Interfaces, Interrupt Processing, BUS arbitration, etc. The third block deals with the Central Processing Unit. It includes the Instruction Set, the Instruction format, the Instruction Set Architecture, Micro-Operations, the organization of Arithmetic logic unit, Design of simple units of ALU, the Control Unit, The hardwired control, Wilkes control, the Micro-programmed control etc. The fourth block deals with the Assembly Language Programming, Microprocessor, RISC, and various types of multiprocessor technologies.

This is the core course on Operating Systems (OS).

The main objectives of this course are:

• To understand the OS role in the overall computer system
• To study the operations performed by OS as a resource manager
• To understand process concept, process concurrency, synchronization and Deadlocks
• To design and solve synchronization problems
• To understand the scheduling policies of OS
• To understand the different memory management techniques
• To understand the concepts of input/output, storage and file management
• To understand the goals and principles of protection
• To understand the advanced topics such as Multiprocessor Systems, Distributed OS and Mobile OS
• To study and compare different OS(Windows, Linux, Android and Ios) and compare their features.

Main objective of this laboratory course is to provide hands on exercises to the learners based on Operating Systems Course.

The course is aimed to develop problem-solving strategies, techniques and skills that can be applied to computers and problems in other areas which give students an introduction to computer and analytical skills to use in their subsequent course work and professional development. Emphasis of this course is to act as an introduction to the thinking world of computers, to help students develop the logic, ability to solve the problems by using C & Python as programming languages. Knowledge in a programming language is prerequisite to the study of most of computer science courses. This knowledge area consists of those skills and concepts that are essential to problem solving and programming practice independent of the underlying paradigm. The student will learn various concepts and techniques for problem solving and will implement those ideas using C and Python programs.

Main objective of this laboratory course is to provide hands on exercises to the learners based on Programming in C and Python course.

The learner should become well versed with Algorithms and various data structures. S/he should be able to use them appropriately as per need during development of programs. Also, the learner should know different sorting and searching techniques so that correct techniques can be used in different programs so that the complexity of the program does not increase due the sorting/search technique employed. The course also includes Advanced Data Structures which will enable learner to apply them in solving complex problems.

Main objective of this laboratory course is to provide hands on exercises to the learners based data Structures and Algorithms course.

Database systems are pervasive. They are present in every segment of commercial, academic and virtual world. They are required as the backbone of any information system, enterprise resource planning, e-commerce website and other activity that required permanence of data storage. Database management systems manage data more efficiently and effectively. This course provides the basic conceptual background necessary to design and develop simple database system. This course also provides you information about various types of database management system. After going through this course, a student will be able to:

• explain features of a DBMS and various database models
• create conceptual database model like E-R models and create a relational database design
• write relational algebraic and SQL queries including static and dynamic SQL queries
• normalize a database design
• explain the features of transactions, Recovery, Concurrency and Security in DBMS.

The object oriented programming paradigm is one of the popular programming paradigms of today. Due to its characteristics object orientation has added new dimensions in the software development process. In this course concept of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is introduced and for this purpose C++ programming language is being used. C++ a very powerful general purpose programming language, which supports object oriented programming paradigm. This course covers basics of C++ programming language which includes data types, variables, operators, and array and pointers. Also object oriented features such as class and objects, inheritance, polymorphism are covered in this course. Finally exceptions handling, I/O operations and STL are explained.

Objective of this course is to provide hands on experience to the learners in C++ programming. Learners will write program in C++ based on concepts learned in C++ programming course. In this course programming to be done for implementation of OO features such as class, objects, inheritance, polymorphism. Objectives: This lab is based on the courses MCS-023,. This lab course involves the development of the practical skills in DBMS using MS-Access , Theoretical aspects were already covered in the respective theory courses. This course is an attempt to upgrade and enhance your theoretical skills and provide the hands on experience. By the end of these practical sessions of this course, you will be able to create databases and use DBMS Tools in the areas of Database applications.

To provide foundational knowledge in descriptive and inferential statistics – Equip students with essential concepts in data collection, organization, and summarization, including measures of central tendency, dispersion, and probability fundamentals.

To develop understanding and application of probability distributions – Enable students to work with different probability distributions (e.g., Binomial, Poisson, Normal) for analyzing and modeling random phenomena.

To train students in statistical inference methods – Guide students in sampling techniques, estimation, and hypothesis testing, preparing them to make valid inferences about population parameters from sample data.

To introduce students to regression analysis and forecasting – Teach the principles of simple and multiple regression for relationship modeling, and explore forecasting methods to analyze trends in time series data.

To familiarize students with quality control and sampling techniques – Provide insights into statistical quality control practices, control charts, and varied sampling methods (e.g., stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling) to enhance decision-making in quality assurance and survey sampling contexts.

Today almost every branch of computer science is feeling presence of object- orientation. Object oriented technology is successfully incorporated in various fields of computer science. Java is one of the prominent programming language for Object Oriented Programming. This Course is designed to give you exposure to the concepts of object-oriented programming using java. It will help in learning to write programs in java using object-oriented concepts and features of java including exceptions handling and multithreading. Also this course will teach learners to use java API, Stream classes, GUI in java, and use of JDBC in applications development.

This laboratory course is based on Object Oriented Programming using Java Main objective of this laboratory course is to provide hands on exercises to the learners based on Java Programming.

After going through this course a student should be able to:

• Use XHTML tags to create simple static web pages;
• format a simple Web page using Cascading Style sheets;
• state the concepts applicable to web programming;
• create an interactive and dynamic Web site using JavaScript;
• represent data over the Web using XML;
• appreciate the use of Ajax and Rich Internet Applications, and
• perform server side scripting using Java Server Pages (JSP).

1. Develop foundational web pages using Web 2.0 technologies: Create and style web pages with XHTML and CSS, adhering to modern web standards.
2. 2. Understand and apply XML and WML for structured data: Gain skills in creating, displaying, and managing structured data using XML and WML, including use in mobile contexts.
3. Enhance interactivity through JavaScript and Ajax: Integrate JavaScript for dynamic page behavior and utilize Ajax to enable asynchronous web interactions.
4. Build and deploy server-side applications with JSP and JDBC: Design simple, database-connected web applications using JSP and JDBC, focusing on application deployment and back-end integration.

This course introduces the basics of data communication and networking. Students will develop an understanding of the general principles of data communication and networking as used in networks. It also includes an activity of setting up a small local area network. The goal of this course is that the student will develop an understanding of the structure of network, its elements and how these elements operate and communicate with each other.

Accounting helps the decision-makers of a company to make effective choices, by providing information on the financial status of the business. Today, accounting is used by everyone and a good understanding of it is beneficial to all. Accountancy act as a language of finance. To understand accounting efficiently it is important to understand the different aspects of accounting i.e. Economic Events, Identification, Measurement, Recording, and Communication, and Interested Users of Information. The course mainly focuses on the theoretical framework of Accounting, Accounting Process, Preparation of Financial Statements, Understanding and Interpretation of Financial Statements that helps the different stakeholder to understand and interpret the financial position of business in a very transparent and fair manner. This course also focuses on the emerging need of computer accounting in the present business environment as the use of technology helps in accuracy, reliability and security of financial information on the basis of which policy decisions are taken.

The objectives of the IGNOU course BCOC-131, Financial Accounting, are to:

• Provide a theoretical framework for accounting
• Teach the accounting process
• Help students understand and interpret financial statements
• Highlight the importance of computer accounting in business

After studying the course, the student should:

1. Be able to develop SRS as per any of the existing standards;
2. Know various Function and Object oriented modeling & design techniques;
3. Know various testing techniques;
4. Know different Software Development Life Cycle models; and
5. Know the concepts of Software Project Management.

To learn about properties of algorithm and how to design an algorithm, discuss asymptotic notations, Design and measure time complexity analysis of searching, sorting and Graph traversal algorithms. Make comparison of different type of algorithm likes Linear, Quadratic, Polynomial and Exponential, Describe how greedy approach facilitate solving the problem. Discuss Divide and Conquer approach for solving the problem.

This course will cover practical implementations of several algorithms covered in BCS-042 course.

This course consists of five blocks containing 15 units in all. After studying this course, students will be able to learn about:

• Basics of E-commerce
• E-Payment Systems
• Website Development and Hosting
• Cyber Security and IT Act
• Online Portal and Application

1. To discuss various information gathering techniques
2. To discuss the concepts of Databases
3. To discuss about Database Security
4. To discuss Web Architecture and about attacks on a Web Application
5. To discuss about Internet Architecture and security related aspects for Internet

• Dr. Vijeta Banwari

In the present era of information society, information is one of the major driving forcesfor the social, economic, political and cultural development of a country. Information iscreated, presented in various visual forms, related with another form of information and then used for economic and decision-making activities.

One of the key ingredients of creating information is Data. The data is the raw form ofinformation that is to be collected, cleaned and processed. Data, therefore, need to beanalysed and converted to simpler presentable forms like tables and graphs so that itcan be utilised in a more meaningful manner.

This course introduces the students to the tools and techniques of data collection, data presentation and data analysis by using the spreadsheet package.

The following are the objectives of the course.

• It builds the conceptual foundation of set theory, relations and functions, logic and proof techniques.
• It explains the statistical foundation, including elementarystatistical concepts like statistics/ data,variables and their types, sources andtypes of data, and measurement scale.
• It illustrates various techniques of Uni-dimensional data analysis like measures of centraltendency, measures of dispersion and measures of position.
• It enables the learner to enter and edit data in an Excel sheet and import and export data from one software application to another.
• It illustrates the ways to perform simple computations and operations on data, including statistical functions
• It discusses the various stages involved in planning and organising census and surveys and the various official sources of secondary data.
• It Illustrates various tools used for the collection of data in quantitative and qualitative research.
• It explains the processes of grouping data into classes and sub-classesand representing the data through various types of bar diagrams, histograms, frequency polygons and frequency curves.
• It explains the inferential analysis.
• It discusses the characteristics of normal distribution, the concept of hypothesis testing, the type of errors etc.
• It discusses Bivariate data analysis using regression analysis and guidelines to determine the application and interpretation of multivariate analysis.
• It introduces the process of constructing the composite index and enables the learner to interpret the results derived from composite indices.
• It discusses the qualitative research design and techniques of analysis ofqualitative data.

This course consists of four blocks containing 15 units in all. After studying this course, students will be able to learn about:

• Basics of entrepreneurship
• Business Idea Selection and Feasibility
• Mobilising Resources and Start-UP
• Entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMES)

1. To discuss about Cyber Crimes
2. To discuss about Cyber Forensics
3. To discuss about tools and techniques associated with Digital Forensics
4. To discuss about Mobile Forensics
5. To discuss security issues in wireless technologies

The objective of the BCA project work is to develop a quality software solution by following the software engineering principles and practices. During the development of the project the students should involve in all the stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC). The main objective of this project course is to provide learners a platform to demonstrate their practical and theoretical skills gained during five semesters of study in BCA Programme. During project development students are expected to define a project problem, do requirements analysis, systems design, software development, apply testing strategies and do documentation with an overall emphasis on the development of a robust, efficient and reliable software systems. The project development process has to be consistent and should follow standard.. For example database tables designed in the system should mach with the E-R Diagram. SRS documents to be created as per IEEE standards. Students are encouraged to spend maximum time of the sixth semester working on a project preferably in a software industry or any research organization. Topics selected should be complex and large enough to justify as a BCA final semester project. The courses studied by the students during the BCA Programme provide them the comprehensive background knowledge on diverse subject areas in computer science such as computer programming, data structure, DBMS, Computer Organization, SAD, Software Engineering, Computer Networks etc., which will be helping students in doing project work. Student will receive Project Guidelines along with their 5th semester course material. Students may also download Project Guidelines from IGNOU Website. Students should strictly follow and adhere to the BCSP-064 project guidelines.