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BCHCT-131: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Course Code:	BCHCT-131
Coordinator:	Prof. Sunita Malhotra
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This is the first core course of Chemistry in the B.Sc. programme being offered under CBCS Scheme. The theory course (BCHCT-131) has a credit-weightage worth 4 credits and there is a separate lab course (BCHCL-132) worth 2 credits alongwith this course. This theory course consists of four blocks which contain nineteen Units. The first two blocks, i.e. Block 1 and Block 2 are devoted to the basic concepts related to atomic structure, chemical bonding and molecular structure. The other two blocks, i.e., Block 3 and Block 4 focus on the fundamental aspects of organic chemistry and hydrocarbons. Block 1 on ‘Atomic Structure’ contains five units which discuss the important concepts related to the structure of atom in Units 1 to 3. The structure of Hydrogen Atom is described in detail in Unit 4.This block also explains the Electronic Configurations of Multi-electron Atoms in Unit 5. Block 2 on ‘Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure’ comprises four units. Unit 6 is devoted to Ionic Bonding while Covalent Bonding is discussed in detail in Unit 7 whereas Valence Bond Theory is described in Unit 8. The last unit of this Block, i.e. Unit 9 explains the important aspects of Molecular Orbital Theory. Block 3 on ‘Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry’ contains five units. The first three units of this block,i.e. Units 10 to 12 cover the important concepts of Stereochemistry. Unit 10 describes the general aspects as well as Geometrical and Optical Isomerisms. However, the Configurational Isomers are discussed in Unit 11. Unit 12 explains Conformational Isomerism. In Unit 13, the Structure Reactivity Relationships are discussed in detail. The last unit of this Block, i.e. Unit 14 explains the basic concepts related to Organic Reactions and Reactive Intermediates. Block 4 on ‘Hydrocarbons’ comprises five units. The important aspects of the structure and chemical reactions of Alkanes are discussed in Unit 15. Units 16 and 17 describe the chemistry of Alkenes while Unit 18 explains the structure and reactions of Alkynes. The last unit of this block and the course, i.e. Unit 19 on Aromacity highlights the important features and nomenclature of aromatic compounds. This course is being offered at the first Semester and will build up foundation for the other courses which you will study in the other semesters. You are expected to spend a total of about 120 hours for completing this course. This is the average time which is to be spent by a learner on studying the course material, doing self-assessment questions given in the blocks and the assignment, attending counselling sessions, watching the audio-video programmes and participating in IRC/tele conferencing sessions related to this course.

BCHCL-132: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 1

Course Title:	Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons : Laboratory
Course Code:	BCHCL-132
Coordinator:	Prof. Lalita S Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This manual gives the procedural details of various experiments you arerequired to perform in the course of this lab work. Appropriate conceptual basis has also been laid for each experiment to make this manual complete in itself. Two common tools, a scientist uses, are observation and reasoning. An experiment is a controlled observation. We perform an experiment having some aim in our mind. We make observations and draw conclusions by logically analysing these observations. Chemistry has been defined as ‘the integrated study of the preparation, properties, structure and reactions of the chemical elements and their compounds and of the systems which they form’. As such experimental work forms an essential part of chemistry which has, indeed, been defined as an experimental science. One type of experiments in chemistry are known as analytical experiments. These deal with analysing various materials to find the nature and the amount of components constituting them. The other type of experiments deals with the synthesis of substances. Broadly, analytical experiments are further divided into two types, viz., qualitative, concerned with the identification and separation of chemical substances, and quantitative, concerned with the determination of the amount of a chemical substance present, either alone or in a simple or complex mixture with other substances. Quantitative analysis is further classified into various types, e.g., gravimetric analysis, volumetric or titrimetric analysis, etc. In this course we begin by explaining the basic concepts involved in titrimetric analysis under the quantitative type. In Unit 1 you would be introducedfirst to the basic skills, such as, how to weigh a sample, measure volumes and prepare a solution for titrimetric analysis. Perhaps you might have learnt these skills in your previous classes. This unit is an important review and extension. You will also learn the handling of lab reagents and safety measures to be observed while working in the laboratory. After the unit there are a number of quantitative experiments given with procedural details. The 1st experiment is based on a neutralisation type of titration. Experiment 2, 3and 4 are based on redox titrations and the 5th experiment is based on iodometry.Under the qualitative type of analysis you will detect extra elements in organic compounds in Experiment 6. Experiment 7and 8 deal with a separation technique called paper chromatography where you will identify and separate components in a given mixture of amino acids and a mixture of sugars.

BCHCT-133: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I

Credits: 4
Semester 2

Course Title:	Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I
Course Code:	BCHCT-133
Coordinator:	Prof. Sanjiv Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Dear learners, welcome to the Core Course in Chemistry titled, " Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I". This Course is designed as per the CBCS scheme of UGC and is worth four credits. It requires an average of about 120 hours of study time at your end. As is evident from the name of the course, it has been designed to cover the contents from the domains of Physical Chemistry as well as Organic Chemistry. The course content has been divided into a total of nineteen units (chapters) that are organised into four blocks. The first two blocks containing nine units cover the topics of physical Chemistry and the remaining two blocks cover topics of Organic Chemistry. In order to facilitate the organisation of the course content it is presented in two volumes.

BCHCL-134: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 2

Course Title:	Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I : Laboratory
Course Code:	BCHCL-134
Coordinator:	Prof. Lalita S Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This manual gives the procedural details of various experiments you are required to perform in the course of this lab work. Appropriate conceptual basis has also been laid for each experiment to make this manual complete in itself. This Laboratory manual has two sections. Section A deals with experiments in physical chemistry and Section B with experiments in organic chemistry. There are sevenexperiments in the Section A. First six experiments of this section are based on thermochemistry. These experiments explain how to determine the enthalpies of solution, neutralisation, ionisation, hydration and dissolution. Last two experiments provides procedural detail for the measurement of pH of some commercial products such as aerated drinks, fruit juices, soaps, shampoos and buffer solutions using pH-meter. In Section B, various preparatory techniques along with some organic preparations have been discussed. You are going to use simple laboratory techniques such as heating, cooling, stirring and filtration as well as separation and purification techniques like crystallisation and distillation. You are also going to perform five experiments based on organic preparations.

BCHCT-135: Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II

Credits: 4
Semester 3

Course Title:	Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II
Course Code:	BCHCT-135
Coordinator:	Prof. Sunita Malhotra
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BCHCL-136: Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 3

Course Title:	Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II : Laboratory
Course Code:	BCHCL-136
Coordinator:	Prof. Sanjiv Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This manual gives the procedural details of various experiments you are required to perform in the course of this lab work. Appropriate conceptual basis has also been laid for each experiment to make this manual complete in itself. This Laboratory manual has two sections. Section A deals with experiments in physical chemistry and Section B with experiments in organic chemistry. There are seven experiments in the Section A. The first four experiments are based on chemical and phase equilibrium. Whereas, the last two experiments provide procedural detail for the conductometric and potentiometric titrations of acids and bases. These involve, the measurement of conductance and emf respectively as a function of volume of the titrant for the determination of the equivalence point of the titrations. Part B mainly deals with qualitative organic analysis. We shall study the experiment procedures for the qualitative classification tests and preparation of derivatives for organic compounds having commonly encountered functional groups such as phenolic, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and nitro. Besides these three experiments based on organic qualitative analysis we have also include three more experiments which deal with tests use for differentiating reducing and non-reducing sugars, determination of glycine and action of salivary amylase on starch.

BCHCT-137: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics

Credits: 4
Semester 4

Course Title:	Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics
Course Code:	BCHCT-137
Coordinator:	Prof. Kamalika Banerjee
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This is the core course of Chemistry in the B.Sc. General programme being offered under CBCS Scheme at the fourth semester. The theory course (BCHCT-137) has a creditweightage worth 4 credits. This course contains two parts, i.e., Part A and Part B. Both of them have a weightage of two credits each. Part A is devoted to the content related to d and f-block elements and coordination chemistry. Part B contains the content related to states of matter and chemical kinetics. These sections have seven Units each and you are expected to devote equal time to both these parts. The first two blocks of Part A deal with d and f-block elements and coordination chemistry. Block 1 on ‘d and f-block elements’ has three units. In this block you will study the general features of the chemistry of the d and f-block elements which are also referred to as transition and inner-transition elements. Block 2 on ‘Coordination Chemistry’ has four units In this block you will study about the coordination compounds and the crystal field theory. Block 3 on ‘States of Matter’ has five units. It deals with details of gases, liquids and solids. Block 4 on ‘Chemical Kinetics’ has two units and deals with rate laws, its theories and order of reactions. This course is being offered at the fourth Semester and will build up foundation for the other courses which you will study in the other semesters. You are expected to spend a total of about 120 hours for completing this course. This is the average time which is to be spent by a learner on studying the course material, doing selfassessment questions as well as terminal questions given in the blocks and the assignment, attending counseling sessions, watching the audio-video programmes and participating in IRC/ teleconferencing sessions related to this course.

BCHCL-138: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 4

Course Title:	Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics : Laboratory
Course Code:	BCHCL-138
Coordinator:	Prof. Kamalika Banerjee
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This manual gives the procedural details of various experiments you are required to perform in the course of this lab work. Appropriate conceptual basis has also been laid for each experiment to make this manual complete in itself. This Laboratory manual has two sections. Section A deals with experiments in inorganic chemistry and Section B with experiments in physical chemistry. There are eight experiments in the Section A. First unit has two experiments based on qualitative inorganic analysis and next two experiments deal with gravimetric analysis. Thereafter there are two experiments on complexometric titration and the last two experiments provide procedural detail for spectrophotometric titration and Job’s method of determining composition of a complex, respectively. These last two experiments are of demonstration or optional nature. Part B mainly deals with experiments of physical chemistry. In experiments 6 and 7, you will be performing experiments related to the study of surface tension. In experiment 7, determination of the surface tension of detergent solutions of different concentrations and study the change in surface tension with the change in concentration of the detergent has been dealt. The measurement of the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid or an aqueous solution and the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution of a detergent with concentration has been discussed experiments 8A and 8B. The experiments 9 to 11 are based on the study of reaction kinetics.

BCHET-141: Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Credits: 4
Semester 5

Course Title:	Analytical Methods in Chemistry
Course Code:	BCHET-141
Coordinator:	Prof. Kamalika Banerjee
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	In our earlier courses especially in lab courses, we mainly emphasised basic analytical methods for the qualitative analysis using titrimetry and qualitative analysis involving identification of inorganic and organic compounds). This course “Analytical Methods in Chemistry” is basically its further extension. In this course, our focus will be on sampling techniques, statistical techniques, separation methods, thermal methods, electroanalytical methods and spectroscopic methods. These methods are commonly used for separation, purification and characterization of organic and inorganic compounds. Analytical methods which you are going to study in this course have wider applications in the field of medicine, industry, environmental quality control, food industry and forensics, archeology and space science. This course has four blocks. Block 1 has 4 Units. The first two units i,e. Units 1 and 2 deal with sampling, accuracy, precision, types of measurements and evaluation of analytical data. Units 3 to 4 deal with the techniques of solvent extraction and its applications. Block 2 has three Units. In all these three units i.e. Units 5, 6 and 7 there is a detailed description of chromatographic methods of separation. Block 3 consists of three units. Unit 8 on ‘Thermal Methods of Analysis’ deals with the thermal methods and their applications in characterisation of inorganic and organic compounds. Unit 9 and Unit 10 deal with three important electroanalytical methods i.e. potentiometry, pH metry and conductometry. The Block 4 titled, ‘spectroscopic methods of analysis’ deals with basic molecular and atomic spectroscopic methods based on the consequences of the interaction of radiation with matter. The block consists of five units. The first of these units deals mainly with the electromagnetic radiation in terms of its nature, characteristics, and properties. The second and third units deal with molecular spectroscopic methods, viz., UV-VIS spectrometry and IR spectrometry, respectively in terms of the origin, principles and analytical applications. It also gives an account of the instrumentation and the qualitative and quantitative applications. The fourth and fifth units, on the other hand, deal with the atomic spectroscopic method viz., flame atomic absorption and flame atomic emission spectrometry respectively. These cover conceptual background, spectral characteristics, instrumentation and applications of these techniques.

BCHET-147: Organometallics, Bioinorganic chemistry, Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and UV, IR Spectroscopy

Credits: 4
Semester 6

Course Title:	Organometallics, Bioinorganic chemistry, Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and UV, IR Spectroscopy
Course Code:	BCHET-147
Coordinator:	Prof. Kamalika Banerjee
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This is the elective course of Chemistry in the B.Sc. General programme being offered under CBCS Scheme. The theory course (BCHET-147) has a credit-weightage worth of 4 credits. This course contains two parts, i.e., Part A and Part B. Both of them have a weightage of two credits each. Part A is devoted to the content related to organometallics and bioinorganic chemistry. Part B contains the content related to polynuclear hydrocarbons and UV, IR spectroscopy. These sections have seven units each and you are expected to devote equal time to both these parts. The first two blocks of Part A deal with organometallics and bioinorganic chemistry. Block 1 on compounds of 3d metals has four units. In this block you will study about various common inorganic reagents and then you will be introduced to organometallic compounds. The last two units of this block are on metal carbonyl compounds. Block 2 on ‘Bioinorganic Chemistry’ has three units. In this block you will study about the metals and biological system, followed by transport of metals and the role of magnesium ion in chlorophyll. The last unit of this block is on the role of iron in oxygen transport. Block 3 on ‘methylene, polynuclear aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds’ has three units. It deals with methylene, polynuclear aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Block 4 on ‘applications of spectroscopy to simple organic molecules’ has four units and deals with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and then with the help of it how to identify small organic compounds, specially those with conjugated dienes. The last two units of this block is on IR spectroscopy and how it helps in the determination of the structure of simple organic molecules.

BCHET-149: Molecules of Life

Credits: 4
Semester 5

Course Title:	Molecules of Life
Course Code:	BCHET-149
Coordinator:	Prof. Lalita S Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	‘Molecules of Life’ course is one of the chemistry elective courses for Bachelor of Science General programme (BSCG) under the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) of University Grants Commission (UGC). It is a four credits course and designed for students having a fair background knowledge of chemistry and biology. The concepts dealt with, in this course, are presented in a simple, easily understandable manner. This course aims to give the students an overall view of the essential features of molecules of life. From your previous knowledge you might be very well aware that carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes and nucleic acids constitute the important molecules for all the living system on earth. Therefore, these are called the molecules of life. The course deals with understanding and exploiting the chemical similarities as well as the differences, of living organisms. It attempts to correlate the chemical structure with biochemical functions. It has been established by biochemical studies that cell is the fundamental unit of all living systems and a universal feature of all the cells is that they contain many common chemical constituents, follow common metabolic pathways and have common mechanisms of cellular regulation. We can illustrate the above statement by pointing out that most of the living organisms contain twenty α-amino acids, which constitute the vast variety of proteins in them. Similarly, the membranes of different cells have a uniform basic phospholipid composition and organisation. Another example we can cite here is that of enzymes, which have an overall similarity in chemical structure and function. Also, various metabolic pathways associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of many biomolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, are similar. Each of these biomolecules possesses a separate chemical nature, which suits for the functions it performs in the cell. There is an immense diversity of the organic molecules present in different living systems. However, all the large organic molecules, i.e., macromolecules are composed of rather small, simple but different molecules, which are better known as building blocks. For example, proteins are composed of α-amino acids and nucleic acids are polymeric chains of nucleotides. These basic building blocks of all organisms are similar in chemical nature. Our aim in introducing this course is to give you an exposure of these building blocks, and then tell you about their metabolism and biosynthesis. This course consists of four blocks. In Block-1, titled, ‘Cell Structure and Carbohydrates’ the fundamental unit of an organism viz., the cell has been described from structure and function points of view. The cell contains many common structural components which are functionally similar. It is because of this, that the cell structure and functions can be generalised. You may wonder as to why the cell structure and its functions are presented in this course. This is because all the biochemical reactions and transformations that sustain life, take place within the chemical environment as well as the physical limits of a cell. This is remarkable. This block also deals with the chemistry and biological significance of mcarbohydrates as important energy providing molecules. Block 2, ‘Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins’ deals with proteins as the most complex biomolecules present in the cell and composed of amino acids. The chemical and structural organisation of proteins has been described after explaining the structure and nomenclature of the constituent molecules viz., amino acids and peptides. The understanding of the structure and function of proteins makes it easier for you to understand their functions as enzymes, which are biocatalysts. The last block, Block 5, ‘Bioenergetics and Metabolism’ of the course finally deals with the metabolism of the biomolecules responsible for providing energy to the living systems. A good background of the energetics of biological systems is given prior to describing the biochemical reactions involved in the common metabolic pathways.

BCHEL-150: Molecules of Life Lab

Credits: 2
Semester 5

Course Title:	Molecules of Life Lab
Course Code:	BCHEL-150
Coordinator:	Prof. Lalita S Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	You have performed several experiments in your core chemistry courses and have familiarized yourself with the techniques involved. You are aware that all those lab courses were integrated to the relevant theory courses. We are sure that the lab work must have been beneficial in a number of ways including the verification of various aspects of a particular theme. This laboratory course has been designed to understand the facts and concepts dealt in the related theory course i.e., BCHET-149 by performing some experiments. You would be using most of the techniques that are already used in the previous labs and involve both conventional and instrumental techniques. You know that the theory course dealt with the nature, structure, function, classification and properties of the major biomolecules that included carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes and nucleic acids. Their metabolism and bioenergetics were also described. However, in this lab course wehave restricted to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of only the biomolecules.The Molecules of Life lab course, BCHEL-150 consists of a total of ten experiments. The firstthree experiments are based on the properties of amino acids which are the building blocksof proteins, the important biomolecules. The experiments deal with the separation,determination of concentration and pKa values of amino acids. The techniques used here arechromatography, titrimetry and pH metry. pH metry is the instrumental method of determiningthe pKa and isoelectric point in amino acids. Next two experiments are based on the catalytic property of enzyme and the structuralproperty of starch, the polysaccharide. You would be able to observe the action of amylaseon starch and the effect of temperature on the catalytic reaction. You are familiar with the structures of oils and fats. These are either saturated or unsaturatedin nature. The unsaturated might contain one two or more double bonds that can beobserved with the help of chemical reactions. Two experiments are devoted to thedetermination of saponification number and iodine value of oils and fats. You have read in Unit 2 of the theory course, BCHET-149 about the differences betweenreducing and nonreducing sugars as indicated by some of their reactions. In this course youwill perform an experiment to observe the differences in the behaviour of the two types. Thetests would be performed using some reagents leading to colour changes. You have studied the structure of DNA and its significance in the heredity of living beings. Here, in one of the experiments you will learn and isolate DNA from an onion peel. This is relatively an advanced level of experiment which in a very simple way gives you the feel of an important molecule called the gene. You very well know the importance of drugs and medicines and have studied the action of drugs in a human system in Unit 9 of the theory course. Therefore, one experiment is based on the type of organic molecules belonging to this category. You would be able to synthesise a common drug and compare its purity with the one available in the market using thin layerchromatographic technique.

BCHS-183: Laboratory Management Skills

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Laboratory Management Skills
Course Code:	BCHS-183
Coordinator:	Prof. Lalita S Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	A laboratory is an integral and significant part of Science and social science education used for carrying out the experimental work. Experimentation generates evidences for or against the theories in general and thereby enables a science oriented person to analyse the observations. The Schools and Colleges are equipped with Biology, Chemistry, Physics laboratories for carrying out the experimental work. Each of these laboratories has dedicated laboratory staff that plays a very significant role in organizing and managing the laboratory work in an effective manner. Generally the job of a laboratory staff is to assist the teacher, provide help to the students, maintain apparatus and equipment and set up experiment for demonstration while following proper safety norms for general functioning of the laboratory. The person who wishes to work in a science laboratory should be trained towards all that is required for her/him to work in these laboratories. The skill enhancement course BCHS-183 titled ‘Laboratory Management Skills’ aims at imparting training to the laboratory staff towards designing, organizing and managing the laboratories with the help of theoretical background for skill development. This course is applicable to all types of laboratories and is four credits worth spread over four blocks.

BGYCT-131: Physical and structural geology

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Physical and structural geology
Course Code:	BGYCT-131
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Prof. Benidhar Deshmukh
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	The course comprises four blocks. The first block General Geology provides an introduction to geology and Earth covering its origin, age and Solar system, internal structure and composition and internal geological processes. The second block is about Earth Surface Processes. The third block Structural Geology discusses the concepts of structural geology The fourth block discusses the Mountain Building and Plate Tectonics.

BGYCL-132: Physical and structural geology : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 1

Course Title:	Physical and structural geology : Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYCL-132
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Prof. Benidhar Deshmukh
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is a laboratory oriented course integrated into the theoretical aspects dealt in the BGYCT-131 of the B.Sc. (General) Programme with Geology as one subject. The experiments in this course include activities that can be done in Geology laboratories. This course would require your hands on involvement in Geology laboratory. The course worth 2 credits comprises 11 Experiments.

BGYCT-133: Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology

Credits: 4
Semester 2

Course Title:	Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology
Course Code:	BGYCT-133
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Prof. Benidhar Deshmukh
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course introduces you to three core branches of geology, viz. crystallography, mineralogy, and economic geology. The course consists of four blocks packaged in two volumes. Block 1 is about basic concepts of crystallography, Block 2 is mineralogy, Block 3 is optical mineralogy and Block 4 is economic geology.

BGYCL-134: Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 2

Course Title:	Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYCL-134
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Prof. Benidhar Deshmukh
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is a laboratory oriented course integrated into the theoretical aspects dealt in the BGYCT-133 of the B.Sc. (General) Programme with Geology as one subject. The experiments in this course include activities that can be done in Geology laboratories. The course worth 2 credits comprises 11 Experiments.

BGYCT-135: Petrology

Credits: 4
Semester 3

Course Title:	Petrology
Course Code:	BGYCT-135
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Dr. Kakoli Gogoi
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course provides an extensive understanding of the fundamental concepts of petrology by means of two distinct volumes. Volume 1 deals with igneous petrology, and Volume 2 deals with sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

BGYCL-136: Petrology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 3

Course Title:	Petrology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYCL-136
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is a laboratory-oriented course integrated to the theoretical aspects dealt in the Petrology course (BGYCT-135) of the B.Sc. (General) Programme with Geology as one subject. The 11 experiments in this course include activities that can be done in Geology laboratories.

BGYCT-137: Stratigraphy and palaeontology

Credits: 4
Semester 4

Course Title:	Stratigraphy and palaeontology
Course Code:	BGYCT-137
Coordinator:	Prof. Meenal Mishra Dr. Kakoli Gogoi
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course provides a broad introduction to stratigraphy and palaeontology by means of two distinct volumes. Each volume comprises of two blocks. Volume 1 contains first two blocks which deal with the fundamentals of stratigraphy and stratigraphy of India. Volume 2 comprises the last two blocks that deal with various aspects of palaeontology.

BGYCL-138: Stratigraphy and palaeontology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 4

Course Title:	Stratigraphy and palaeontology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYCL-138
Coordinator:	Dr. Kakoli Gogoi Dr. Omkar Verma
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is a laboratory-oriented course integrated to the theoretical aspects dealt in the Stratigraphy and Paleontology course (BGYCT-136) of the B.Sc. (General) Programme with Geology as one subject. The 11 experiments in this course include activities that can be done in Geology laboratories.

BGYET-141: Ore geology and industrial minerals

Credits: 4
Semester 5

Course Title:	Ore geology and industrial minerals
Course Code:	BGYET-141
Coordinator:	Dr. Kakoli Gogoi Dr. Omkar Verma
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course provides an overview of ore geology and industrial minerals covered in two distinct volumes. Volume 1 deals with the ore genesis, magmatic and metamorphic processes. Volume 2 describes important ferrous and non-ferrous deposits, industrial minerals, fuel minerals, basics of mineral exploration and national mineral policy.

BGYEL-142: Ore geology and industrial minerals: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 5

Course Title:	Ore geology and industrial minerals: Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYEL-142
Coordinator:	Dr. Kakoli Gogoi Dr. M. Prashanth
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is a laboratory-oriented course integrated to the theoretical aspects dealt in the Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals course (BGYET-141) of the B.Sc. (General) Programme with Geology as one subject. Some of the experiments of this course include activities that can be done in Geology laboratories and few can be done at your home.

BGYET-147: Geomorphology and Geotectonics

Credits: 4
Semester 6

Course Title:	Geomorphology and Geotectonics
Course Code:	BGYET-147
Coordinator:	Dr. Kakoli Gogoi Dr. M. Prashanth
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	The course consists of two volumes. Volume 1 deals with Geomorphology and consists of two blocks namely, basic concepts of geomorphology and landforms. Volume 2 covers Geotectonics and comprises two blocks namely, fundamentals of geotectonics and plate tectonics and movements. The course builds on the basic concepts covered in the course BGYCT-131.

BGYEL-148: Geomorphology and Geotectonics: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 6

Course Title:	Geomorphology and Geotectonics: Laboratory
Course Code:	BGYEL-148
Coordinator:	Dr. Omkar Verma Prof. Benidhar Deshmukh
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	The course is a laboratory oriented course based on the theoretical aspects dealt with in the course BGYEL-147 of the B.Sc. (General) Programme. The course comprises 9 experiments of worth 2 credits. Experiments 1 to 5 and 9 are related to the theoretical aspects covered in Block-1 and Block-2 of the course BGYET-147 and the remaining experiments are related to Blocks 3 and 4.

BBYCT-131: Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate)

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate)
Course Code:	BBYCT-131
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	You will learn about the world of microbes and non-flowering plants in this elective course namely : CBCS-Botany, Paper I- Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniates). This course will reveal to you how diverse are these organisms in their body organization and mode of reproduction. You will also be able to appreciate the organizational and reproductive strategies they adopt to thrive successfully in their diverse habitats, both aquatic and terrestrial. You are also exposed to the ecological significance and importance to human welfare of these organisms. However, some of the groups of organisms such as microbes, fungi and even the true algae though studied traditionally by botanists are no longer considered to be true plants. In spite of this fundamental distinction between plants and non-plant organisms, their inclusion as part of botany text is partly justified because they share certain similarities in their ecological, morphology, physiology and methods of reproduction. One of the most important event that could have occurred in the evolution of all kinds of organisms had been the transfer of life from an aquatic environment to the land habitat. How and when did it actually happen is still an unsolved mystery? We shall, however, trace and discuss the significant and probable strategies adopted by organisms during and after this path breaking event. You should also remember that the most obvious, most evolved plant group, the flowering plants represented by about 2,60,000 species is not part of this course. This observation alone should make you comprehend the enormity of diversity of pant life.

BBYCL-132: Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate): Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate): Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYCL-132
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is designed to give you hands-on experience of biodiversity – microbes, algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms that you studied in the theory course. You will study their cellular organization, morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures in this course that is of 2 credits. Many of these biodiversity forms are microscopic in nature and you will probably see them for the first time. This study is proposed to be undertaken in 17 exercises conducted in 12 sessions of 4 hours each. To ensure the successful conduct of practicals within the prescribed time we have provided in every exercise a brief theoretical background, list of materials to be used, procedure to be followed and the observations to be made. At the end of each exercise you should be able to identify the given plant, its part(s) in vegetative and/or reproductive phase(s) giving scientific justification. You are expected to provide a taxonomic classification of the given biodiversity form giving reasons. Through this course it is also aimed that you develop the ability and skills to prepare specimens for examination, study the mentioned biodiversity forms, record observations, describe and identify the plant under investigation in view of what you have learnt in the theory course. To begin the study of this course it is pertinent to realize the importance of laboratory work. One must understand what one is doing while performing these exercises, make ones observations and prepare a meticulous record of the same. This pursuit will make the exploration of the biodiversity forms interesting and help in the development of the spirit of scientific enquiry. During hands-on laboratory work one needs to be mentally alert for the best outcomes. By the end of this course it is expected that you get trained, develop the ability to work independently and be confident about your own observations. Initially, it is quite likely that you may not see in a preparation the structures described in the theory text. You must not make conclusions after the first glance of the material preparation. It is necessary to explore a few preparations of the material and study them for some time. In scientific investigations repetitions are necessary to confirm the results. The results are not valid if they are different when repeated. Therefore, if you are not sure about your investigation you should repeat it one or more times till the outcome is satisfactory. Besides, you must cultivate intelligent curiosity and sharpen your faculty of exploration. Problems may occasionally arise and when they do you may seek the help of your counsellor. Once you have finished with the exercise it is often valuable to discuss the findings and conclusions with your fellow students. These exercises are also expected to enhance your observational skill. You should follow the three principles while making an observation: observe what you are expected to observe; do not be perturbed if a feature for observation is not present in the specimen or the preparations; and observe anything new and interesting which is present in your specimen or the preparation you made even if you were initially not expected to observe the same. You must realize conducting laboratory work is a very expensive affair. It also requires a lot of effort on the part of the counsellor and technical staff of the laboratory. Therefore, it must be taken seriously from a learning standpoint and avail this opportunity to inculcate the scientific method and apply it in real life situations. Laboratory exercises are interesting and enjoyable. To make the best use of the given time one needs to come prepared with background knowledge on the topic. For this the text pertaining to the topics as mentioned under Study Guide/Prior Reading in each exercise be read beforehand. One need not bring the blocks of the theory course or any other botany book to the laboratory as the requisite information regarding the exercise is provided in this block..

BBYCT-133: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Ecology and Taxonomy
Course Code:	BBYCT-133
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BBYCL-134: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Ecology and Taxonomy: Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYCL-134
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BBYCT-135: Plant Anatomy and Embryology

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Anatomy and Embryology
Course Code:	BBYCT-135
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BBYCL-136: Plant Anatomy and Embryology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Anatomy and Embryology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYCL-136
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BBYCT-137: Plant Physiology and Metabolism

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Physiology and Metabolism
Course Code:	BBYCT-137
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BBYCL-138: Plant Physiology and Metabolism: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Plant Physiology and Metabolism: Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYCL-138
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BBYET-141: Cell and Molecular Biology

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Cell and Molecular Biology
Course Code:	BBYET-141
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BBYEL-142: Cell and Molecular Biology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Cell and Molecular Biology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYEL-142
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BBYET-143: Economic Botany and Biotechnology

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Economic Botany and Biotechnology
Course Code:	BBYET-143
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BBYEL-144: Economic Botany and Biotechnology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Economic Botany and Biotechnology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BBYEL-144
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYCT-131: Animal Diversity

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Animal Diversity
Course Code:	BZYCT-131
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYCL-132: Animal Diversity: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Animal Diversity: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYCL-132
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYCT-133: Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates
Course Code:	BZYCT-133
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYCL-134: Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYCL-134
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYCT-135: Physiology and Biochemistry

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Physiology and Biochemistry
Course Code:	BZYCT-135
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYCL-136: Physiology and Biochemistry: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Physiology and Biochemistry: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYCL-136
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYCT-137: Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
Course Code:	BZYCT-137
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYCL-138: Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYCL-138
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYET-141: Immunology

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Immunology
Course Code:	BZYET-141
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYEL-142: Immunology: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Immunology: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYEL-142
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BZYET-143: Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases

Credits: 4
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases
Course Code:	BZYET-143
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BZYEL-144: Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Yearly 1

Course Title:	Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Laboratory
Course Code:	BZYEL-144
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)

BMTC-131: Calculus

Credits: 6
Semester 1

Course Title:	Calculus
Course Code:	BMTC-131
Coordinator:	Prof. Deepika
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This is the first mathematics course you will be studying in the Bachelor’s Degree Programme. The aim of this course is to develop an understanding of basic mathematical concepts and techniques that you will require for studying other mathematics courses of the programme, as well as any further study and work you undertake in mathematics. Calculus is divided into two broad areas, differential calculus and integral calculus. Broadly speaking, differential calculus is the study of change and integral calculus is about adding up the parts. Differential calculus helps you to find, for example, the effect of changing conditions on a system being investigated, and hence to gain control over the system. The process of this mathematical investigation uses the powerful technique of modelling the phenomena concerned. The models usually involve differential equations. Differential calculus is useful in formulating models and integral calculus is used to solve the differential equations associated with the model. Apart from well known applications in physics, mathematical models based on calculus are used for the study of population ecology, cybernetics, management practices, economics and medicine.

BMTC-132: Differential Equations

Credits: 6
Semester 1

Course Title:	Differential Equations
Course Code:	BMTC-132
Coordinator:	Dr. Suvankar Biswas
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	In this course on differential equations, we shall be dealing with both ordinary as well as partial differential equations. For a better understanding of the concepts in the course a good knowledge of calculus is essential. The knowledge of our calculus course BMTC-131 will more or less fulfill your this requirement. Since BMTC-131only deals with a function of one variable, to fill up the gaps, we have added contents on functions of two and more variables in this course. Accordingly, we have divided the material in this course into four blocks.

BMTC-133: Real Analysis

Credits: 6
Semester 4

Course Title:	Real Analysis
Course Code:	BMTC-133
Coordinator:	Dr. Pawan Kumar
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Real Analysis is the branch of mathematics that studies the structure of real numbers and the behavior of functions defined on the set of real numbers. You already have some idea of the structure of the set of real numbers, and of functions defined on it, from the 1st semester course, Calculus. In that course you were introduced to many concepts such as limit, continuity, differentiability and integrability for real-valued functions, though more from an algorithmic and computational aspect. However, when you apply the algorithms, it is important to know the logic behind them. The study of analysis provides the reasons behind these computation rules. The study will also help you to develop “analytical thinking” and the ability to apply mathematics more precisely and confidently.

BMTC-134: Algebra

Credits: 6
Semester 5

Course Title:	Algebra
Course Code:	BMTC-134
Coordinator:	Dr. S. Venkataraman
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Algebra is a word that you are familiar with. You may also know that it is derived from the Arabic word ‘Al-jabr’. Classically, algebra was concerned with obtaining solutions of equations. Then came ‘modern algebra’, a term used to describe detailed investigations within classical algebra. In Block 1 of the course, Calculus, you have studied some of the concepts of modern algebra – sets and operations on them, functions, a binary operation on a set, an algebraic way of studying plane geometry, properties of complex numbers, what a polynomial over R is, and solutions of some polynomial equations. In this course, we shall build on this learning, and take you much further. In this course, we will focus on ‘abstract algebra’, a generalisation of modern algebra. In abstract algebra we study algebraic systems that are defined by axioms alone. These axioms normally evolve from concrete situations. In this course, comprising four blocks, you will study three basic algebraic systems, namely, groups, rings and fields.

BMTE-141: Linear Algebra

Credits: 6
Semester 4

Course Title:	Linear Algebra
Course Code:	BMTE-141
Coordinator:	Dr. S. Venkataraman
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Linear algebra is a fundamental area in mathematics, focusing on the efficient solution of systems of linear equations. The course material introduces matrices, vector spaces, subspaces, basis and dimension, linear transformations, eigenvalues, and inner product spaces. Linear algebra deals with solving systems of linear equations, which is essential in various fields such as optimization and statistics. The concept of linearity is also crucial in differential equations, difference equations, and geometric transformations

BMTE-144: Numerical Analysis

Credits: 6
Semester 5

Course Title:	Numerical Analysis
Course Code:	BMTE-144
Coordinator:	Prof. Deepika Dr. Suvankar Biswas
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course analyzed the basic techniques for the efficient numerical solution of problems in science and engineering. Topics spanned root finding, interpolation, approximation of functions, integration, differential equations, direct and iterative methods.

BGGCT-131: Physical Geography

Credits: 6
Semester 1

Course Title:	Physical Geography
Course Code:	BGGCT-131
Coordinator:	Dr. Satya Raj
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Physical geography is one of the two major branches of systematic geography. It consists of the four main spheres of the earth i.e., lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Physical geographers study the nature of natural phenomena and processes operating in these spheres. This course would enable the learners to observe spatial variations and similarities in natural phenomenon and reasons for these, and the consequences thereof, in relation to human beings.

BGGCT-132: Human Geography

Credits: 6
Semester 2

Course Title:	Human Geography
Course Code:	BGGCT-132
Coordinator:	Prof. Vijay Kumar Baraik Prof. Subhakanta Mohapatra
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Human geography is one of the two main branches of geography. Physical geography is the other main branch. The basic philosophy of introducing human geography is to make learners aware about spatial differentiation and organization of human activities and interrelationship with earth and its environment.

BGGCT-133: General Cartography

Credits: 4
Semester 3

Course Title:	General Cartography
Course Code:	BGGCT-133
Coordinator:	Dr. Vishal Warpa Dr. K. Nageswara Rao
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Cartography is the art and science of making maps. Till recently, maps were being made manually which was both time consuming and tedious. However, with the advancement of technology, cartographic techniques have continuously been changing in order to meet the demands of new generation of mapmakers and map users. This course deals with the introduction to cartography, map projections, sources of data, map reading and interpretation, and representation of data with an aim to train the learners in cartographic tools and techniques for geographical studies.

BGGCL-134: General Cartography Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 3

Course Title:	General Cartography Laboratory
Course Code:	BGGCL-134
Coordinator:	Dr. Vishal Warpa Dr. K. Nageswara Rao
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	The course titled ‘General Cartography-Laboratory (BGGCL-134)’ is a dedicated 02 Credit Laboratory Course comprising of 12 exercises. This course is designed in such a way that the theoretical components dealt in the ‘General Cartography-Theory (BGGCT-133)’ course of the B.Sc. General in Geography Programme has been integrated mostly in the form of laboratory exercises to enhance the learner skills in the field of cartography. You are required to complete all the exercises given in the Laboratory and submit the same as per the given instructions. It is expected that after completion of these exercises, you will gain hands-on experience and skills for reading, constructing and solving various aspects of geographical inquiry.

BGGCT-135: Environmental Geography

Credits: 6
Semester 4

Course Title:	Environmental Geography
Course Code:	BGGCT-135
Coordinator:	Dr. K. Nageswara Rao Prof. Subhakanta Mohapatra
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is designed to develop a broad understanding of natural environment and human-nature interrelationship that are very important today within environmental geography. This course is set out in the form of different blocks such as introduction to environmental geography, human-environment relationship, environmental problems and management, conservation of environment, and environmental issues programmes and policies. This course will help to identify some of the significant adverse environmental effects caused by human activities and facilitate to address these consequences through proper management policies and legislation from global to local perspective. This course will provide an opportunity to think about various environmental problems in a wider context.

BGGET-141: Geography of India

Credits: 6
Semester 5

Course Title:	Geography of India
Course Code:	BGGET-141
Coordinator:	Dr. Vishal Warpa Dr. K. Nageswara Rao
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	India is a country of diversities. This course deals with the personality of India in terms of its physical setting, resource base, economy, people and settlement. It will provide the basis to take up studies in regional or systematic geography of India.

BGGET-142: Economic Geography

Credits: 6
Semester 6

Course Title:	Economic Geography
Course Code:	BGGET-142
Coordinator:	Dr. Vishal Warpa
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (6 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Economic geography is one of the most dynamic sub-disciplines of geography. It studies the spatial, ecological and political organization of economic activities. Activities related to economy characteristically follow a few definite order and patterns. This course aims to introduce learners with the changing meaning and ideas of economic geography along with an exposure to comprehend human’s economic activities in relation to space, place, environment and society.

BPHCT-131: Mechanics

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Mechanics
Course Code:	BPHCT-131
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	The branch of physics dealing with the motion of bodies as well as bodies at rest or in equilibrium is called mechanics. Today, mechanics is regarded as the most fundamental area of physics. In order to study other areas of physics, such as waves, thermal physics, electromagnetism, optics, etc., you need to have a sound knowledge of mechanics.

BPHCL-132: Mechanics : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 1

Course Title:	Mechanics : Laboratory
Course Code:	BPHCL-132
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	In this laboratory course on Mechanics various experiments related to basic physics concepts learnt in the theory course on Mechanics (BPHCT 131) are included.

BPHCT-133: Electricity and Magnetism

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Electricity and Magnetism
Course Code:	BPHCT-133
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	Electricity and magnetism are related with countless phenomena around us: From the lightning lighting up a stormy sky, the electrical power generation plants and distribution systems, and electronic and electrical communication systems, to the numerous electrical appliances and machinery which we use all the time in our daily lives The structure and interactions of microscopic particles, the stability of atoms and molecules, and all matter are governed by the electromagnetic forces.

BPHCL-134: Electricity and Magnetism : Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 1

Course Title:	Electricity and Magnetism : Laboratory
Course Code:	BPHCL-134
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	In this laboratory course on Electricity & Magnetism various experiments related to basic physics concepts learnt in the theory course on Electricity & Magnetism (BPHCT 133) are included.

BPHCT-135: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics
Course Code:	BPHCT-135
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This course is one of the most fascinating courses taught to Undergraduate physics students. It finds use in material science, engineering, chemistry, quantum, atomic and molecular physics, spectroscopy and beyond.

BPHCL-136: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 1

Course Title:	Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics: Laboratory
Course Code:	BPHCL-136
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This laboratory course has been developed to accompany the theory course Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics. In this laboratory course, you will perform various experiments related to concepts based on Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics to get a feel of the subject and various physical quantities like Planck’s constant, Stefan’s constant, coefficient of thermal conductivity of good and bad conductors.

BPHCT-137: Waves and Optics

Credits: 4
Semester 1

Course Title:	Waves and Optics
Course Code:	BPHCT-137
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)
Course Introduction:	This is a 4 - credit course presented in four blocks. In the first block entitled ‘Waves – An Introduction’, you will study the basic concepts related to wave motion. The understanding about formation and propagation of mechanical waves on a string will give you a background to appreciate the wave nature of light.

BPHET-141 : Elements of Modern Physics

Credits:
Semester 1

Course Title:	Elements of Modern Physics
Course Code:	BPHET-141
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (null Credits)
Course Introduction:	In this course you will study the special theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. These areas of physics embody concepts which are not a part of our everyday experience and are the most remarkable intellectual creations of the early twentieth century physics.

BPHET-143: Digital abd Analog Circuits and Instrumentation

Credits:
Semester 1

Course Title:	Digital abd Analog Circuits and Instrumentation
Course Code:	BPHET-143
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (null Credits)
Course Introduction:	Electronics plays a very important role is our everyday life Electronics has evolved over the last century from glass encapsulated bulky valve circuits to a hand-held powerful multi-tasking gadget like the smart phone, that makes use of semiconductor technology. In this course, we introduce the learner to the basic semiconductor devices like diodes, transistors with their construction, working principle and electrical characteristics. Then we will discuss the applications of these devices in various circuits like amplifiers, oscillators, power supplies and the very important branch of digital electronics.

BFDI-073: Introduction to Fashion Industry

Credits: 4
Semester 4

Course Title:	Introduction to Fashion Industry
Course Code:	BFDI-073
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Theory (4 Credits)

BPHCL-138: Waves and Optics: Laboratory

Credits: 2
Semester 4

Course Title:	Waves and Optics: Laboratory
Course Code:	BPHCL-138
Coordinator:
Course Type (Credit):	Lab (2 Credits)
Course Introduction:	In this laboratory course on Waves and Optics, you will perform various experiments related to basic physics concepts you have learnt in the theory course entitled Waves and Optics (BPHCT-137). We have included experiments in this course to give you a hands-on experience of working with a variety of optical components such as lenses, prisms and diffraction grating and some common equipment such as spectrometer, telescope and travelling microscope.

Bachelor of Science (General)(SOS)

School of Sciences

BSCG: Bachelor of Science (General)(ODL) Apply Now

Introduction

Objective

Courses Structure

BCHCT-131: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

BCHCL-132: Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons : Laboratory

BCHCT-133: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I

BCHCL-134: Chemical Energetics, Equilibria and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I : Laboratory

BCHCT-135: Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II

BCHCL-136: Solutions, Phase equilibrium, Conductance, Electrochemistry and Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II : Laboratory

BCHCT-137: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics

BCHCL-138: Coordination Chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics : Laboratory

BCHET-141: Analytical Methods in Chemistry

BCHET-147: Organometallics, Bioinorganic chemistry, Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and UV, IR Spectroscopy

BCHET-149: Molecules of Life

BCHEL-150: Molecules of Life Lab

BCHS-183: Laboratory Management Skills

BGYCT-131: Physical and structural geology

BGYCL-132: Physical and structural geology : Laboratory

BGYCT-133: Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology

BGYCL-134: Crystallography, mineralogy and economic geology: Laboratory

BGYCT-135: Petrology

BGYCL-136: Petrology: Laboratory

BGYCT-137: Stratigraphy and palaeontology

BGYCL-138: Stratigraphy and palaeontology: Laboratory

BGYET-141: Ore geology and industrial minerals

BGYEL-142: Ore geology and industrial minerals: Laboratory

BGYET-147: Geomorphology and Geotectonics

BGYEL-148: Geomorphology and Geotectonics: Laboratory

BBYCT-131: Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate)

BBYCL-132: Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate): Laboratory

BBYCT-133: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy

BBYCL-134: Plant Ecology and Taxonomy: Laboratory

BBYCT-135: Plant Anatomy and Embryology

BBYCL-136: Plant Anatomy and Embryology: Laboratory

BBYCT-137: Plant Physiology and Metabolism

BBYCL-138: Plant Physiology and Metabolism: Laboratory

BBYET-141: Cell and Molecular Biology

BBYEL-142: Cell and Molecular Biology: Laboratory

BBYET-143: Economic Botany and Biotechnology

BBYEL-144: Economic Botany and Biotechnology: Laboratory

BZYCT-131: Animal Diversity

BZYCL-132: Animal Diversity: Laboratory

BZYCT-133: Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates

BZYCL-134: Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology of Vertebrates: Laboratory

BZYCT-135: Physiology and Biochemistry

BZYCL-136: Physiology and Biochemistry: Laboratory

BZYCT-137: Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

BZYCL-138: Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Laboratory

BZYET-141: Immunology

BZYEL-142: Immunology: Laboratory

BZYET-143: Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases

BZYEL-144: Insect Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Laboratory

BMTC-131: Calculus

BMTC-132: Differential Equations

BMTC-133: Real Analysis

BMTC-134: Algebra

BMTE-141: Linear Algebra

BMTE-144: Numerical Analysis

BGGCT-131: Physical Geography

BGGCT-132: Human Geography

BGGCT-133: General Cartography

BGGCL-134: General Cartography Laboratory

BGGCT-135: Environmental Geography

BGGET-141: Geography of India

BGGET-142: Economic Geography

BPHCT-131: Mechanics

BPHCL-132: Mechanics : Laboratory

BPHCT-133: Electricity and Magnetism

BPHCL-134: Electricity and Magnetism : Laboratory

BPHCT-135: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics

BPHCL-136: Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics: Laboratory

BPHCT-137: Waves and Optics

Bachelor of Science (General)
(SOS)